Yellow dwarf cichlid - Apistogramma borellii

Scientific name: Apistogramma borellii

Common name: Yellow dwarf cichlid

Family: Cichlidae

Usual size in fish tanks: 6 - 7 cm (2.36 - 2.76 inch)

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Recommended pH range for the species: 6 - 6.8

Recommended water hardness (dGH): 5 - 20°N (89.29 - 357.14ppm)

0°C 32°F30°C 86°F

Recommended temperature: 23 - 26 °C (73.4 - 78.8°F)

The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning

Where the species comes from: South America

Temperament to its own species: peaceful

Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful

Usual place in the tank: Bottom levels

Food and Feeding

The Yellow Dwarf Cichlid (Apistogramma borellii) thrives on a varied diet, with live and frozen foods forming the bulk of their nutrition. Ideal food options include brine shrimp, bloodworms, and daphnia, which provide essential proteins and help maintain their vibrant colors. While they will accept high-quality flakes or pellets, these should be considered supplementary rather than the main part of their diet. Feeding a variety of foods helps ensure their long-term health and vitality.

Origin

The Yellow Dwarf Cichlid is native to the waterways of South America. They are most commonly found in the slow-moving rivers, streams, and floodplains of the Paraguay River basin, spanning regions of Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. In these habitats, the water is generally soft and slightly acidic, with abundant vegetation and leaf litter providing shelter and feeding grounds. Replicating these conditions in the aquarium can help these fish thrive.

Sexing

Distinguishing between male and female Apistogramma borellii is relatively straightforward. Males tend to be larger, with extended dorsal and anal fins, and display more vibrant coloration, especially during breeding seasons. Females are smaller, with a more muted color palette. In the presence of a dominant male, some subordinate males may exhibit less coloration to avoid confrontations, making it essential to observe behavior as well as appearance.

Breeding

Breeding Apistogramma borellii in captivity is relatively easy with the right setup. A single male should be kept with 3-4 females in a well-planted tank, as this mimics their natural harem-style breeding behavior. Females lay eggs in sheltered spaces such as caves, overturned plant pots, or even coconut shells. The female will tend to the eggs, fanning them to provide oxygen, while the male guards the territory against any intruders. Once the fry become free-swimming, they can be fed newly hatched brine shrimp or commercially available fry foods. Providing plenty of hiding spots and keeping the water clean is essential during this time.

Lifespan

The typical lifespan of a Yellow Dwarf Cichlid is between 3 and 5 years, although with optimal care, some individuals may live slightly longer. Maintaining clean water, a varied diet, and a stress-free environment will help them reach the upper end of their lifespan.

Tank Requirements

While Apistogramma borellii are peaceful fish, they do best in a well-structured aquarium with plenty of hiding places. A tank size of at least 60 liters (16 gallons) is recommended for a small group. These fish appreciate a natural environment with a fine sandy substrate, live plants, and decorations like rocks or driftwood, which can create caves for breeding and shelter. Open swimming spaces should also be included.

Water conditions are important for the health of Yellow Dwarf Cichlids. They prefer soft, slightly acidic water with a pH between 6.0 and 6.8, and water hardness between 5-20°N. Keeping the water temperature stable between 23-26°C (73.4-78.8°F) is crucial for their well-being.

Behavior and Tankmates

Although classed as peaceful, Yellow Dwarf Cichlids may exhibit territorial behavior during spawning times, especially males guarding their territory. Providing plenty of hiding spots and visual barriers in the tank can help minimize conflict. They are generally peaceful toward other fish species and make excellent tankmates for similarly sized, non-aggressive species such as tetras or other dwarf cichlids.

When choosing tankmates, avoid aggressive or much larger species that may stress or harm them. Yellow Dwarf Cichlids are also well-suited to community tanks, provided the water conditions and tank size are appropriate.

Short Description

The Yellow Dwarf Cichlid (Apistogramma borellii), also known as the Umbrella Cichlid, is a small, colorful species from South America. Known for their peaceful temperament, they are a popular choice among aquarists due to their manageable size and ease of breeding. However, they can become territorial during spawning, especially if not given sufficient space and hiding spots. These fish are best suited for planted aquariums with soft, slightly acidic water, where they can thrive in a stable, well-maintained environment.

Pictures

Thanks to Alberto Villarroya for pictures. Other pictures were bought by aqua-fish.net from jjphoto.dk.