Rainbow cichlid - Herotilapia multispinosa
Scientific name: Herotilapia multispinosa
Common name: Rainbow cichlid
Family: Cichlidae
Usual size in fish tanks: 11 - 12 cm (4.33 - 4.72 inch)
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Recommended pH range for the species: 7 - 8
Recommended water hardness (dGH): 10 - 20°N (178.57 - 357.14ppm)
0°C 32°F30°C 86°F
Recommended temperature: 22 - 29 °C (71.6 - 84.2°F)
The way how these fish reproduce: Spawning
Where the species comes from: Central America
Temperament to its own species: peaceful
Temperament toward other fish species: peaceful
Usual place in the tank: Middle levels
Origin of the Fish
The Rainbow Cichlid (Herotilapia multispinosa) is native to the freshwater lakes and rivers of Central America, primarily found in Honduras and Nicaragua. In the wild, they inhabit slow-moving waters with muddy substrates, dense vegetation, and areas with a lot of cover. To replicate their natural habitat in an aquarium, include plenty of plants, driftwood, and a sandy substrate. The water in these areas tends to be slightly alkaline, with a pH ranging from 7 to 8.
Lifespan
The Rainbow Cichlid has an expected lifespan of up to 8 years in captivity with proper care. Maintaining stable water conditions, providing a balanced diet, and minimizing stress are key factors in ensuring their longevity.
Short Description
The Rainbow Cichlid is a colorful and peaceful species known for its ability to change coloration based on mood, health, or breeding status. They grow to an average size of 11-12 cm (4.33-4.72 inches) in home aquariums. Due to their peaceful nature, they can be kept with a variety of other community fish. These cichlids prefer a dimly lit tank with plenty of hiding spaces to reduce stress. A tank size of at least 90 cm (36 inches) in length is recommended, with the total water volume playing a crucial role in maintaining water quality and stability.
General Care
Rainbow Cichlids are relatively undemanding when it comes to water conditions, making them an excellent choice for both beginner and experienced aquarists. They prefer water temperatures between 22-29°C (71.6-84.2°F) with a pH of 7-8, and water hardness ranging from 10-20°N (178.57 - 357.14 ppm). Regular water changes of 20-30% weekly are essential to maintain optimal water quality.
In terms of tank setup, a sandy substrate is ideal since Rainbow Cichlids enjoy digging. Provide plenty of cover with rocks, driftwood, and aquatic plants like Anubias and Java Fern. Adding plants will not only create hiding spots but also help diffuse light, creating a more natural, dimly lit environment similar to their native habitat. While they inhabit murky waters in the wild, avoid recreating muddy conditions in the tank, as it can negatively affect water quality.
Compatible Tankmates
Rainbow Cichlids are known for their peaceful nature, especially compared to other American cichlids. They can be kept with other non-aggressive fish of similar size, such as:
- Blue Acara (Andinoacara pulcher)
- Firemouth Cichlid (Thorichthys meeki)
- Bolivian Ram (Mikrogeophagus altispinosus)
- Corydoras Catfish
- Bristlenose Pleco (Ancistrus cirrhosus)
Since they are peaceful toward their own species, they can be kept in small groups, which may help reduce any residual aggression. When setting up a community tank, ensure there is ample swimming space and enough hiding spots to accommodate all fish.
Food and Feeding
Rainbow Cichlids are omnivores and have a diverse diet in captivity. Their primary diet should consist of high-quality cichlid flakes or pellets. Supplement their diet with live or frozen foods such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia to provide essential proteins. They will also graze on algae present in the tank, and adding vegetable matter like spirulina flakes, spinach, or blanched peas will benefit their health and enhance their vibrant colors. Feed them twice a day in small portions to avoid overfeeding and maintain water quality.
Sexing
Sexing Rainbow Cichlids can be challenging, but there are some subtle differences. Males typically have longer and more pointed dorsal and anal fins compared to females. Additionally, males may exhibit more vibrant coloration, especially during breeding periods. As they mature, males tend to grow slightly larger than females.
Breeding
Breeding Rainbow Cichlids is relatively straightforward, making them an excellent choice for hobbyists looking to try breeding cichlids. Prepare the breeding tank by adding upturned plant pots or flat stones, which serve as suitable spawning sites. Condition the pair by feeding them a protein-rich diet of bloodworms and brine shrimp. As the pair prepares to spawn, they may darken in color, sometimes turning almost black.
Once the spawning site has been cleaned, the female will lay a batch of approximately 300 eggs. The eggs will hatch after around 3 days, during which both parents actively guard and care for them. After hatching, the parents may move the fry to a different location within the tank for added protection. Once the fry are free-swimming, feed them finely crushed flake food or newly hatched brine shrimp.
Rainbow Cichlids are attentive parents and typically do not need to be separated from the fry. However, they may display increased aggression towards other tankmates during spawning, so it is advisable to use a separate breeding tank to ensure the safety of both the fry and other fish.
Pictures
Thanks to Richard Smith for picture! Other pictures were bought from jjphoto.dk by aqua-fish.net.