Marsilea quadrifolia
Scientific name: Marsilea quadrifolia
Family: Marsileaceae
Usual maximum size in aquariums: 0 - 10 cm (0 - 3.94 inch)
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Recommended pH range for the species: 6.3 - 7.3
Recommended water hardness (dGH): 4 - 12°N (71.43 - 214.29ppm)
0°C 32°F30°C 86°F
Recommended temperature: 18 - 28 °C (64.4 - 82.4°F)
Reproduction of the plant: Runners
Origin (in the wild): Europe
How fast these plants grow: Normal
Recommended substrate: Fine gravel
Demands on lighting: Bright
Ideal placement in a fish tank: Foreground
Common Name
European Water Clover
Origin
Marsilea quadrifolia originates from Central and Southern Europe and parts of Asia, including India, China, and Japan. It naturally grows in wetlands, along riverbanks, rice paddies, and temporarily flooded areas. In many regions, it is a protected or rare species in the wild, but it is also cultivated for aquascaping purposes worldwide.
Growing Conditions
This plant is amphibious, capable of growing in both submerged and emersed conditions. In its emersed form, it develops iconic four-leaf clover-shaped leaves that float or rise above the water surface. When fully submerged in aquariums, the leaves are smaller and may take on a more rounded or linear appearance, though still usually with four lobes.
Marsilea quadrifolia prefers bright lighting to maintain compact, carpet-like growth. Under lower light, it may develop longer stems with only two-leaf nodes and grow more slowly. It thrives in soft to moderately hard water with a pH range of 6.3 to 7.3 and a hardness between 4 – 12 dGH. Temperature tolerance ranges from 18 – 28°C (64.4 – 82.4°F). A nutrient-rich substrate is beneficial, and while not mandatory, CO2 injection will promote faster, denser carpeting.
Planting Area
Due to its small size and spreading habit, Marsilea quadrifolia is ideal for the foreground of aquariums. It creates a natural, clover-like carpet that mimics grassy meadows. It can also be used in paludariums or terrariums, where it grows well in moist soils with high humidity.
Propagation
Marsilea quadrifolia reproduces through runners that spread horizontally from the parent plant. Along these runners, new plantlets form and develop their own root systems. Once rooted, these plantlets can be separated and replanted elsewhere in the tank. The plant may also reproduce from spores in emersed or natural settings, but this method is rarely used in aquascaping.
Difficulty
This species is considered easy to moderate in care. While it doesn’t demand advanced techniques, it does require adequate light and stable conditions to thrive and develop a dense carpet. Without proper lighting or nutrients, it may grow upright and sparse.
Short Description
Marsilea quadrifolia, or European Water Clover, is a unique aquatic fern admired for its clover-shaped leaves and ability to form a natural-looking carpet in aquariums. It grows slowly but steadily through runners, making it easy to propagate and shape. The plant adapts to both submerged and emersed growth and performs best under bright lighting with nutrient-rich substrates. A great choice for aquascapers seeking a low, green carpet with a distinct appearance.